NREL squeezes a Data Center in a Net Zero Building

WSJ has an article about National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and its difficult task to be be a Net Zero Building.  Here are nuggets from the article I found interesting.

image

"Traditional architecture is design first, then figure out how to make it work," says Rich von Luhrte, president of RNL, which has offices in Denver. "This project reverses that mindset: Energy drives the design."

The building, in fact, will control a good deal of the working environment. Some windows will open and close automatically as outdoor air warms and cools throughout the day. Other windows will be left to employees to operate—but the building will ping occupants with reminders, flashing alerts on their laptops (desktops use too much energy) when it is time to open or close particular panes.

image

The cubicles were engineered to save energy down to the smallest detail; even the phones, for instance, are special models that use 2.8 kilowatt-hours of electricity a month, compared with 10.8 kilowatt-hours for standard models.

Another striking feature of the NREL building: It will have no central air or heat and no fixed thermostat. The temperature will fluctuate during the day, though it shouldn't go below 68 degrees or above 80.

image

NREL plans to report on its setbacks, as well as its successes, in scientific journals and presentations to developers, architects and engineers. Office buildings account for 18% of U.S. energy consumption, so any lessons about efficiency learned here could "have a huge impact on our nation's energy security," says Jeffrey Baker, director of the Energy Department's local field office.

Where is the data center?  The WSJ doesn’t mention the data center.  But the official NREL press release does.

The RSF will be a 219,000 square foot facility supporting more than 800 Laboratory staff, along with an energy efficient information technology data center.

Then came the large new data center, vital to the Laboratory's significant and growing computational needs, but more than what a typical office building would include.

Data centers usually have voracious energy appetites. But this late addition still had to fit with the RSF concept.

Researchers came up with a combination of evaporative cooling, outside air ventilation, waste heat capture and more efficient servers to reduce the center's energy use by 50 percent over traditional approaches.

Because the data center serves the entire Laboratory campus and not just the RSF, an energy allowance was added to reflect the exception to the project. Now the RSF energy use intensity including the data center is 35.1 kBtus/sf/year. That's still better than most of today's energy efficient buildings and well under half the energy used by a similar building built to code for the same budget.

Also for climate control, a dynamic network of automatically controlled windows, evaporative cooling, radiant heating and cooling, window glazing and heat recovery from the data center.

How efficient is the new RSF building?

Comparison of Buildings Energy Use Intensity:
  • Average US office building: 90 kBtu/sf/year
  • ASHRE code for new commercial space: 55 kBtu/sf/year
  • Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Annapolis, Md.: 40 kBtu/sf/year
  • Big Horn Hardware, Silverthorne, Colo.: 40 kBtu/sf/year
  • NREL RSF: 35.1 kBtu/sf/yr, including the data center
  • NREL Thermal Test Facility : 29 kBtu/sf/year

Here is a video of NREL Thermal Testing Facility.

Read more

What most will miss in EPA’s GHG announcement, impact on water and power infrastructure

It is pretty cool that you don’t have to be official press event on Dec 7, 2009 to see news events like EPA’s GHG announcement.  I could watch a live feed through MSNBC. 

The official press announcement makes warnings to health and environment, but in the report is impact to water and power infrastructure both of which you need for data centers.

I was able to get to the official climate change page http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/endangerment.html

Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under the Clean Air Act

You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader, available as a free download, to view some of the files on this page.  See EPA's PDF page to learn more about PDF, and for a link to the free Acrobat Reader.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Lisa P. Jackson press briefing – Live Streaming available through www.epa.gov.

Action

On December 7, 2009, the Administrator signed two distinct findings regarding greenhouse gases under section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act:

  • Endangerment Finding: The Administrator finds that the current and projected concentrations of the six key well-mixed greenhouse gases--carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)--in the atmosphere threaten the public health and welfare of current and future generations.
  • Cause or Contribute Finding: The Administrator finds that the combined emissions of these well-mixed greenhouse gases from new motor vehicles and new motor vehicle engines contribute to the greenhouse gas pollution which threatens public health and welfare.

These findings do not themselves impose any requirements on industry or other entities.  However, this action is a prerequisite to finalizing the EPA’s proposed greenhouse gas emission standards for light-duty vehicles, which were jointly proposed by EPA and the Department of Transportation’s National Highway Safety Administration on September 15, 2009. 

Going through the findings document what I found very interesting is the water section.  So, even though everybody thinks this is about GHG.  The potential effect on the water supply is huge. Section 11 of the report covers water.  Section 11(d)

11(d) Implications for Water Uses

There are many competing water uses in the United States that will be adversely impacted by climate change impacts to water supply and quality. Furthermore, the past century is no longer a reasonable guide to the future for water management (Karl et al., 2009). The IPCC reviewed a number of studies describing the impacts of climate change on water uses in the United States that showed:

 Decreased water supply and lower water levels are likely to exacerbate challenges relating to navigation in the United States (Field et al., 2007). Some studies have found that low-flow conditions may restrict ship loading in shallow ports and harbors (Kundzewicz et al., 2007). However, navigational benefits from climate change exist as well. For example, the navigation season for the North Sea Route is projected to increase from the current 20 to 30 days per year to 90 to 100 days by 2080 (ACIA, 2004 and references therein).

 Climate change impacts to water supply and quality will affect agricultural practices, including the increase of irrigation demand in dry regions and the aggravation of non-point source water pollution problems in areas susceptible to intense rainfall events and flooding (Field et al., 2007). For more information on climate change impacts to agriculture, see Section 9.

 The U.S. energy sector, which relies heavily on water for generation (hydropower) and cooling capacity, will be adversely impacted by changes to water supply and quality in reservoirs and other water bodies (Wilbanks et al., 2007). For more information on climate change impacts to the energy sector, see Section 13.

 Climate-induced environmental changes (e.g., loss of glaciers, reduced river discharge in someregions, reduced snow fall in winter) will affect park tourism, winter sport activities, inland water sports (e.g., fishing, rafting, boating), and other recreational uses dependent upon precipitation (Field et al., 2007). While the North American tourism industry acknowledges the important influence of climate, its impacts have not been analyzed comprehensively.

 Ecological uses of water could be adversely impacted by climate change. Temperature increases and changed precipitation patterns alter flow and flow timing. These changes will threaten aquatic ecosystems (Kundzewicz et. al., 2007). For more information, on climate change impacts on ecosystems and wildlife, see Section 14.

 By changing the existing patterns of precipitation and runoff, climate change will further stress existing water disputes across the United States. Disputes currently exist in the Klamath River, Sacramento Delta, Colorado River, Great Lakes region, and Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River system (Karl et al., 2009).

Energy is a section of itself in section 13.  It is good to see the EPA put water before Energy infrastructure.

13(b) Energy Production

Climate change could affect U.S. energy production and supply a) if extreme weather events become more intense, b) where regions dependent on water supplies for hydropower and/or thermal power plant cooling face reductions or increases in water supplies, c) where changed conditions affect facility siting decisions, and d) where climatic conditions change (positively or negatively) for biomass, wind power, or solar energy production (Wilbanks et al., 2007; CCSP 2007a).

Significant uncertainty exists about the potential impacts of climate change on energy production and distribution, in part because the timing and magnitude of climate impacts are uncertain. Nonetheless, every existing source of energy in the United States has some vulnerability to climate variability. Renewable energy sources tend to be more sensitive to climate variables, but fossil energy production can also be adversely effected by air and water temperatures, and the thermoelectric cooling process that is critical to maintaining high electrical generation efficiencies also applies to nuclear energy. In addition, extreme weather events have adverse effects on energy production, distribution, and fuel transportation

The official press release  is here.

EPA: Greenhouse Gases Threaten Public Health and the Environment / Science overwhelmingly shows greenhouse gas concentrations at unprecedented levels due to human activity

Release date: 12/07/2009

Contact Information: Cathy Milbourn, Milbourn.cathy@epa.gov, 202-564-7849, 202-564-4355; En español: Lina Younes, younes.lina@epa.gov, 202-564-9924, 202-564-4355

EPA: Greenhouse Gases Threaten Public Health and the Environment

Science overwhelmingly shows greenhouse gas concentrations at unprecedented levels due to human activity
WASHINGTON – After a thorough examination of the scientific evidence and careful consideration of public comments, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced today that greenhouse gases (GHGs) threaten the public health and welfare of the American people. EPA also finds that GHG emissions from on-road vehicles contribute to that threat.

image

The EPA provided sound snippets as well.

Speaker: Lisa P. Jackson
EPA Administrator

Sound bite 1 (MP3, 0:11 secs, 360 KB)
Transcript: Today, EPA announced that greenhouse gases threaten the health and welfare of the American people. We also found that greenhouse gas emissions from on-road vehicles contribute to that threat.

Sound bite 2 (MP3, 0:15 secs, 500 KB)
Transcript: The accumulation of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can lead to hotter, longer heat waves that threaten the health of the sick, the poor, the elderly - that can increase ground-level ozone pollution linked to asthma and other respiratory illnesses.

Sound bite 3 (MP3, 0:15 secs, 500 KB)
Transcript: Today’s announcement, on its own, does not impose any new requirements on industry. But, today’s announcement is the prerequisite for strong new emissions standards for cars and trucks: the ones the president announced last spring.

Sound bite 4 (MP3, 0:22 secs, 700 KB)
Transcript: Today’s finding is based on decades of research by hundreds of researchers. The vast body of evidence not only remains unassailable, it’s grown stronger, and it points to one conclusion: greenhouse gases from human activity are increasing at unprecedented rates and are adversely affecting our environment and threatening our health.

Read more

EPA says GHG are harmful, what is the impact to the data center?

Updated:  Here is my post regarding the announcement. /2009/12/what-most-will-miss-in-epas-ghg-announcement-impact-on-water-and-power-infrastructure.html

What most will miss in EPA’s GHG announcement, impact on water and power infrastructure

It is pretty cool that you don’t have to be official press event on Dec 7, 2009 to see news events like EPA’s GHG announcement.  I could watch a live feed through MSNBC.

The official press announcement makes warnings to health and environment, but in the report is impact to water and power infrastructure both of which you need for data centers.

EPA executives have a news conference scheduled today.

TODAY: Administrator Jackson to Make Significant Climate Announcement

Release date: 12/07/2009

Contact Information: EPA Press Office, press@epa.gov, (202) 564-6794

WASHINGTON – U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Lisa P. Jackson will make a significant climate announcement at a press briefing TODAY, December 7. The media briefing will be held at U.S. EPA Headquarters at 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C.
WHO: EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson
WHAT: Media Briefing on significant EPA climate announcement
WHEN: Monday, December 7, 1:15 p.m.
WHERE: U.S. EPA Headquarters
Ariel Rios South Building
1200 Pennsylvania Ave, N.W.
Washington, D.C.

AP/MSNBC have a news article before the press conference.

EPA says greenhouse gases are harmful

Announcement comes as Obama prepares to attend climate conference

Image: The AES Corporation Alamitos gas-fired power station

The AES Corporation 495-megawatt Alamitos natural gas-fired power station stands on Oct. 1 in Long Beach, Calif. The Obama administration has announced that rather than wait for Congress to act, it has authorized the Environmental Protection Agency to move forward on enacting new regulations on greenhouse gas emissions emitted from hundreds of power plants and large industrial facilities.

David Mcnew / Getty Images file

WASHINGTON - The Environmental ProtectionAgency has concluded greenhouse gases are endangering people's health and must be regulated, signaling that the Obama administration is prepared to contain global warming without congressional action if necessary.

EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson scheduled a news conference for later Monday to announce the so-called endangerment finding, officials told The Associated Press, speaking privately because the announcement had not been made.

Is regulation coming?

Under a Supreme Court ruling, the so-called endangerment finding is needed before the EPA can regulate carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases released from power plants, factories and automobiles under the federal Clean Air Act.

The EPA signaled last April that it was inclined to view heat-trapping pollution as a threat to public health and welfare and began to take public comments under a formal rulemaking. The action marked a reversal from the Bush administration, which had declined to aggressively pursue the issue.

Read more

Gartner Data Center 2009 Conference – Day 2 – Green Data Center and Regulation

Green IT is a hot topic here at the Gartner Data Center Conference with 250 people in John Phelps presentation.

More and more enterprises are considering a green data center and what that actually means. This presentation looks at some best practices that can be done today and also looks at key green technologies and processes to consider for the future.

Key Issues:

  • What critical forces will drive enterprises to consider green data center strategies during the next five years?
  • What best practices and processes should users follow when creating a green data center?
  • What are some of the new green technologies that are emerging that companies should be tracking?

John covered a good overview of Green Data Center.

Mike Manos’s presentation was a more specific drill down into the topic of Carbon Regulation coming.

Regulation. It's Real. It's Coming. It's Expensive.

Wednesday, 02 December 2009
01:45 PM-02:45 PM

Speaker: Mike Manos
Location: Octavius 2
Session Type: Solution Provider Session

Energy regulation is coming. The US House of Representatives has already passed its Cap and Trade legislation and the Senate has a bill in committee. In Europe it already exists. The operational and cost impact on datacenters in the today's regulatory environment is substantial. In this presentation Mr. Manos will provide a detailed overview of the pending industry-impacting legislation and what you will need to do to negate its impact.

Mike was as passionate as ever. Mike started off asking if Data Center Regulation is an issue. 80% of audience raised their hands.

There are about 125 people in the room.

One specific Mike drilled into Carbon Reduction Commitment CRC in the UK, and the impact of the act.

CRC is designed to improve energy efficiency in large organisations. It will operate as a 'cap and trade' mechanism, providing a financial incentive to reduce energy use by putting a price on carbon emissions from energy use. In CRC, organisations buy allowances equal to their annual emissions. The overall emissions reduction target is achieved by placing a ‘cap’ on the total allowances available to each group of CRC participants. Within that overall limit, individual organisations can determine the most cost-effective way to reduce their emissions. This could be through buying extra allowances or investing in ways to decrease the number of allowances they need to buy.

Let me drop to the closing statement.

Preparing for Regulation.  What to do?

  1. Prepare for regulation. (make a plan)
  2. Measure energy consumption.
  3. May require work changes.
  4. Select appropriate tools.
  5. Need to determine how to look at data centers in aggregate. (holistic view)

Overall it was good to see that the audience was engaged on the topic.

Yeh!!!  Mike told the audience water is the next issue.

Matt Stansberry was in the audience as well, so hopefully he’ll write something as well.

Read more

Apple’s environmental impact accounts for everything

news.com has an article on Apple’s latest environment site update.

Apple updates site with environmental impact

by Jim Dalrymple

Apple on Thursday updated its Web site with a new section on how its products are impacting the environment.

Apple has made public information in several categories including Life Cycle Impact, Product Usage Impact, andProduct Environmental Reports. The company also created a section dedicated to its own environmental updates.

Taking a look at the power management section will give you an idea of how extensive the information is that Apple provided. According to Apple, Mac OS X even regulates the processor in between keystrokes, saving power.

"Designing green products includes considering the environmental impact of the materials used to make them," reads Apple's Web site. "From the glass, plastic, and metal in our products to the paper and ink in our packaging, our goal is to continue leading the industry in reducing or eliminating environmentally harmful substances."

Going to the Apple environment site here is the life cycle view.

 

image

Apple’s data center impact is included in 3 percent reporting for facilities.

Facilities

Apple’s facilities — including corporate offices, distribution hubs, data centers, and retail stores — account for 3 percent of our total greenhouse gas emissions.

Facilities

275,718 metric tons of
greenhouse gas emissions

Apple reports 53% of the energy consumption

Energy Efficiency

Because 53 percent of Apple’s greenhouse gas emissions are a result of the power our products consume, we design those products to be as energy efficient as possible.

Outlet icon for Energy-efficient design

 

The Three Ways to Reduce Energy ConsumptionEnergy Efficiency Beoyond on And Off

15-inch MacBook Pro 2.8GHz using the Pages application.

Read more